EPD-IES-0035184:002
Precast Concrete Plinth Element
The precast Concrete Plinth Element (“Sockel”) is a precast concrete base element used to elevate and support external walls, facade systems or load‑bearing structures.It provides a durable and stable interface between ground level and the superstructure, ensuring effective moisture protection, load transfer and long‑term performance.Prefabricated concrete plinths readily satisfy modern building requirements for moisture resistance, fire safety and sound insulation.The precast Concrete Plinth Element is manufactured according to project-specific requirements. Typical dimensions are as follows: Height: approximately 600–3500 mm. Length: typically 1200–10000 mm. Width: adapted to wall thickness, commonly 200–300 mm. Dimensions may vary depending on structural loads, wall systems and project design. Thermal performance: The plinth element can be produced with an integrated thermal insulation layer to reduce thermal bridging between the foundation and the superstructure. The concrete itself has high thermal mass, contributing to stable indoor temperatures.Overall thermal performance depends on the chosen insulation solution, wall connection and project-specific design. Acoustic performance: Due to the high mass of precast concrete, the plinth element provides effective airborne sound insulation and contributes positively to overall acoustic performance of the building envelope. Acoustic performance is primarily governed by the mass of the element and the connected wall system and is not typically the limiting factor in façade sound insulation design.
General information
| EPD Owner | Prefab Betong Örebro AB |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0035184:002 |
| EPD type | EPD of a single product from a manufacturer/service provider |
| Status | Valid |
| Version date | 2026-09-28 |
| Validity date | 2031-09-28 |
| Standards conformance | ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
| An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD. | |
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1 |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
| Complementary Product Category Rules (c-PCR) | 2019:14-c-PCR-003 Concrete and concrete elements (EN 16757) 1.0.0 Version: 1.0.0 |
| c-PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System |
Verification
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
|---|---|
| Tool name and version | Betongfabriken - Tyrens EPD generator, version 4.0.0 |
| Third-party verifier, accountable for the tool and EPD verification | Niels Jungbluth, ESU-services Ltd. |
| Approved by | The International EPD® System |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | Prefab Betong Örebro AB |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | Mohamed Alassadi and Björnåke Sevefelt |
| Contact person e-mail | Mohamed@betongfabriken.com |
| Organisation address | Rånnesta 505 705 92 Örebro Sweden |
| LCA Practitioner | Maximilian von Bahr, maximilian.von-bahr@tyrens.se |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
Prefab Betong Örebro AB is a precast concrete element manufacturer located in Rånnesta outside Örebro, Sweden. The company produces high quality concrete elements ranging from standardized components to custom engineered solutions for regional and national construction projects. With a flexible production facility optimized for both serial production and special elements, Prefab Betong Örebro AB focuses on sustainability, customer value and long term product performance. The assortment includes sandwich walls, balcony slabs, concrete plinth elements (“Sockel”), wall panels, beams, and concrete barriers.
Organisation logo
Product information
| Product name | Precast Concrete Plinth Element |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Precast Concrete Plinth Element |
| Product description | The precast Concrete Plinth Element (“Sockel”) is a precast concrete base element used to elevate and support external walls, facade systems or load‑bearing structures.It provides a durable and stable interface between ground level and the superstructure, ensuring effective moisture protection, load transfer and long‑term performance.Prefabricated concrete plinths readily satisfy modern building requirements for moisture resistance, fire safety and sound insulation.The precast Concrete Plinth Element is manufactured according to project-specific requirements. Typical dimensions are as follows: Height: approximately 600–3500 mm. Length: typically 1200–10000 mm. Width: adapted to wall thickness, commonly 200–300 mm. Dimensions may vary depending on structural loads, wall systems and project design. Thermal performance: The plinth element can be produced with an integrated thermal insulation layer to reduce thermal bridging between the foundation and the superstructure. The concrete itself has high thermal mass, contributing to stable indoor temperatures.Overall thermal performance depends on the chosen insulation solution, wall connection and project-specific design. Acoustic performance: Due to the high mass of precast concrete, the plinth element provides effective airborne sound insulation and contributes positively to overall acoustic performance of the building envelope. Acoustic performance is primarily governed by the mass of the element and the connected wall system and is not typically the limiting factor in façade sound insulation design. |
| Technical purpose of product | Concrete base element used to elevate and support external walls, facade systems or load bearing structures |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | Production process consists of concrete, reinforcement steel, insulation and cast-in details that are combined into the finished product. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2400 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2400 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | Prefab Betong Örebro AB Rånnesta Rånnesta 505 70592 Örebro Sweden |
| UN CPC code | 37550. Prefabricated structural components for building or civil engineering, of cement, concrete or artificial stone |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Content declaration
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
|---|
Product content
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | 28.9 | 1.962 | 0 | 0 |
| Insulation | 5.59 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Concrete | 965.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Plastic | 0.45 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 1000 | 1.962 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | Precast Concrete Plinth Element Mass: 1000 kg |
| Conversion factor to mass | 1000 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Do infrastructure and capital goods contribute more than 10% to the A1-A3 (A1-A5 for services) results of any environmental impact indicator declared in the EPD? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.11 database |
| LCA Software | SimaPro 10.3 |
| Additional information about the underlying LCA-based information | This EPD is generated by Tyréns EPD-generator 4.0.0 Betongfabriken. All EPDs that are generated with the EPD-generator are for specific products. The tool is verified by Niels Jungbluth. Cut-off: No known flows have been excluded based on cut‑off criteria; all relevant material and energy flows have been considered in accordance with EN 15804. Allocations: Mass allocation: In this assessment, flows in and out from the factory (for example heating, electricity, consumables, water and waste) are reported in total amount per year. The environmental burdens of these inputs and outputs are allocated using mass allocation per kg of product based on the total amount produced product per year. Co-product allocation has been made between the metal scrap and the main product. The economic value of the metal scrap is significantly lower than the economic value of the main product and therefore the manufacturing of the metal is carried by the main product. The metal scrap has fulfilled all the requirements in figure B1 in EN15804 to reach end-of-waste and therefore the metal scrap is a co-product. Waste allocation: For all waste, except metal scrap, the environmental burden of processes until end-of-waste are assigned to Prefab Betong Örebro AB. Carbonation is not included in this study. |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | Environmental Footprint 3.1 |
| Technology description including background system | The raw materials in A1 is concrete, reinforcement steel, insulation made of plastic or stone wool and cast-in details of steel and plastic. The transport distance in A2 is collected by the EPD owner and the mode of transport is truck and ferry. A3 is Prefab Betong Örebro AB factory in Rånnesta where ready-mix concrete is poured into molds with reinforcement steel. Insulation and cast-in details are also added. The products are transported to the customer on metal racks. All background modelling follows EN 15804+A2 and EF 3.1 requirements. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | When modeling in Simapro, Ecoinvent data (released November 2024) has been used for secondary data. The database is considered to be of high quality. The percentage primary data is estimated in this EPD for module A1-A3. Indata gathered from the actual manufacturing plant with product-specific processes, specific amounts, specific waste, and spillage %, specific energy mix, specific transportation distances and transportation type and EPD’s from some of the suppliers are primary data. Primary data are collected directly from supplier and production site. For some material supplier’s product specific and third party verified EPD’s has been used. Some EPD lack information regarding proportion of pre- and post consumer recycled material for recycled materials which leads to uncertainties regarding this aspect in this EPD. In these cases a conservative assumption has been made and all recycled material is considered preconsumer material. In cases where the share of primary data not has been stated in underlying EPD´s, it has been assumed that the share of primary data would be similar to other products of the same type. Therefore an average value of primary data from EPD´s of similar products has been assumed. The reference year is 2025 and the year is deemed to be representative of an average year of production. |
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Data quality assessment
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing of product, inclusive generation of electricity used in manufacturing of product | Collected production data (EPD owner) & Electricity data | EPD-owner, Ecoinvent v 3.11 | 2025 | Primary data | 3% |
| Transport of materials & packaging to manufacturing site | Databases | EPD-owner, Ecoinvent v 3.11 | 2025 | Primary data | 2% |
| Production of ingoing materials and packaging | EPDs & Databases | Ecoinvent v 3.11 | < 5 years old | Primary data, secondary data | 12% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 17% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
Electricity data
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Specific electricity mix as generated, or purchased from an electricity supplier, demonstrated by a contractual instrument | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 60% |
| Wind | 0% | |
| Solar | 0% | |
| Biomass | 0% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 40% | |
| Natural gas | 0% | |
| Coal | 0% | |
| Oil | 0% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 0% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.04 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
CO2 uptake associated with carbonation and its assumptions
| Production stage (module A) | Excluded | |
| Use stage (module B) | Excluded | |
| End-of-Life stage (module C) | Excluded | |
| Beyond product life cycle (Module D) | Excluded |
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | a) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | Yes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules |
| Justification for the omission of modules | Module A1-A3, C1-C4 and D is included according to the PCR 2019:14 Construction product. A4-A5 is not declared due to being outside the control of Prefab Betong Örebro. Module B1-B7 is not declared due to the product being an inactive building component after installation, requiring no further use, maintenance or treatment. |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Modules declared | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Europe | Europe | Sweden | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 17% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Recycled metals and concrete and energy recovery of plastic. |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | The product is dismantled and being sent to a recycling center. At the recycling center the metals and concrete are recycled and the plastic is sent for incineration. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Module C |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | The consumption of diesel for demolition in C1 is assumed to be 10 kWh/tonne. |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | The consumption of diesel for demolition in C1 is assumed to be 10 kWh/tonne which is based on PCR 2019:14 2.0.1. The transport distance in C2 is 130 km for materials to incineration and 80 km for all other transports. It is assumed that 95 % of the metals and 80% of the concrete are recycled in C3, the remaining is landfilled, C4. All stone wool is assumed to be landfilled, C4. It is assumed that 95 % of the plastic is energy recovered in C3, the remaining is landfilled, C4. |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Module D |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | Metals and concrete replace primary metals, crushed gravel. Plastic is incinerated. |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | For calculations in Module D following assumptions have been made: The steel is replacing pig iron. The concrete is replacing crushed gravel. The plastic is incinerated in an average Swedish district heat plant (combined heat and power plant). |
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 1.94E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.62E+0 | 1.53E+1 | 1.37E+1 | 1.26E+0 | -1.75E+1 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 1.85E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.62E+0 | 1.53E+1 | 1.30E+1 | 1.25E+0 | -1.74E+1 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 7.40E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.34E-4 | 1.05E-2 | 6.82E-1 | 8.85E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.70E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.71E-4 | 5.05E-3 | 7.29E-4 | 6.96E-4 | -3.97E-2 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 2.56E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.38E-8 | 3.33E-7 | 2.24E-8 | 3.42E-8 | -1.06E-7 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 7.33E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.24E-2 | 4.90E-2 | 1.17E-2 | 8.58E-3 | -8.65E-2 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 2.83E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.17E-4 | 1.04E-3 | 3.33E-4 | 1.07E-4 | -6.05E-3 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 2.09E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.51E-2 | 1.65E-2 | 6.64E-3 | 3.82E-3 | -2.52E-2 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 2.25E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.65E-1 | 1.79E-1 | 5.16E-2 | 3.60E-2 | -2.90E-1 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 7.02E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.94E-2 | 7.43E-2 | 1.50E-2 | 1.30E-2 | -8.56E-2 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1, 2 | kg Sb eq. | 9.56E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.29E-6 | 5.15E-5 | 1.29E-5 | 1.79E-6 | -4.18E-5 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 1.49E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.84E+0 | 1.70E+1 | 3.37E+0 | 1.82E+0 | -1.73E+2 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 9.57E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.37E-1 | 1.09E+0 | 7.04E-1 | 1.28E+0 | -1.34E+1 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of the impact categories abiotic depletion of minerals and metals may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 1.87E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.62E+0 | 1.53E+1 | 1.33E+1 | 1.25E+0 | -1.75E+1 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 8.24E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.25E-7 | 1.22E-6 | 2.21E-7 | 1.97E-7 | -2.66E-6 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 3.93E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.01E-2 | 2.58E-1 | 8.49E-2 | 1.80E-2 | -3.47E+0 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2, 3 | CTUe | 4.42E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.56E+0 | 2.87E+1 | 3.20E+1 | 2.24E+0 | -5.16E+1 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2, 3 | CTUh | 5.87E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.68E-10 | 2.59E-9 | 1.26E-9 | 2.21E-10 | -2.26E-8 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2, 3 | CTUh | 1.41E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.79E-9 | 1.35E-7 | 4.55E-8 | 5.10E-9 | -9.54E-8 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2, 3 | Dimensionless | 6.26E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.13E+0 | 1.28E+2 | 2.82E+1 | 5.90E+1 | -2.96E+2 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 3 | The results of the impact categories land use, human toxicity (cancer), human toxicity, noncancer and ecotoxicity (freshwater) may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 4.21E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.97E-1 | 3.52E+0 | 1.09E+0 | 2.82E-1 | -1.33E+2 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 4.29E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -4.08E-1 | -2.15E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 4.22E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.97E-1 | 3.52E+0 | 6.85E-1 | 2.60E-1 | -1.33E+2 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.26E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.92E+0 | 1.78E+1 | 3.50E+0 | 1.91E+0 | -1.79E+2 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 2.71E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -2.57E+2 | -1.35E+1 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 1.53E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.92E+0 | 1.78E+1 | -2.54E+2 | -1.16E+1 | -1.79E+2 |
| SM | kg | 2.71E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 2.30E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 3.48E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.60E-3 | 4.06E-2 | 3.57E-2 | 3.44E-2 | -3.62E-1 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 3.99E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NHWD | kg | 6.86E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RWD | kg | 7.81E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 3.10E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 4.54E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 8.00E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MER | kg | 4.03E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 7.31E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 2.86E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 3.31E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.30E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Results of an alternative modelling approach
| Description of the scenario/method | 100% of production go to energy or material recycling for module C. |
|---|
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 1.85E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.62E+0 | 1.53E+1 | 1.38E+1 | 0.00E+0 | -1.99E+1 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 7.40E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.34E-4 | 1.05E-2 | 7.18E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.70E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.71E-4 | 5.06E-3 | 7.78E-4 | 0.00E+0 | -4.24E-2 |
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 1.94E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.62E+0 | 1.53E+1 | 1.45E+1 | 0.00E+0 | -2.08E+1 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 2.56E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.38E-8 | 3.33E-7 | 2.52E-8 | 0.00E+0 | -1.54E-7 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 7.33E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.24E-2 | 4.90E-2 | 1.33E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -1.05E-1 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 2.83E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.17E-4 | 1.04E-3 | 3.54E-4 | 0.00E+0 | -6.75E-3 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 2.09E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.51E-2 | 1.65E-2 | 7.45E-3 | 0.00E+0 | -2.86E-2 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 2.25E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.65E-1 | 1.80E-1 | 5.94E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -3.39E-1 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 7.02E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.94E-2 | 7.43E-2 | 1.73E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -9.79E-2 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals | kg Sb eq. | 9.56E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.29E-6 | 5.15E-5 | 1.36E-5 | 0.00E+0 | -5.88E-5 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil | MJ, net calorific value | 1.49E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.84E+0 | 1.70E+1 | 3.61E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.91E+2 |
| Water use | WDP | m3 world eq. deprived | 9.57E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.37E-1 | 1.09E+0 | 7.45E-1 | 0.00E+0 | -1.66E+1 |
| Acronyms | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Results of an alternative modelling approach
| Description of the scenario/method | 100% of the product go to landfill in module C. |
|---|
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 1.85E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.62E+0 | 1.52E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 6.69E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 7.40E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.34E-4 | 1.04E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.18E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.70E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.71E-4 | 5.04E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 3.55E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 1.94E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.62E+0 | 1.52E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 6.71E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 2.56E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.38E-8 | 3.32E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 1.75E-7 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 7.33E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.24E-2 | 4.89E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 4.40E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 2.83E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.17E-4 | 1.04E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 5.49E-4 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 2.09E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.51E-2 | 1.65E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 2.74E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 2.25E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.65E-1 | 1.79E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.84E-1 | 0.00E+0 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 7.02E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.94E-2 | 7.41E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 6.67E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals | kg Sb eq. | 9.56E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.29E-6 | 5.13E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 9.21E-6 | 0.00E+0 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil | MJ, net calorific value | 1.49E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.84E+0 | 1.70E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 9.34E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Water use | WDP | m3 world eq. deprived | 9.57E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.37E-1 | 1.09E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.78E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Abbreviations
General Abbreviations
Abbreviation Definition
EN European Norm (Standard)
EPD Environmental Product Declaration
EF Environmental Footprint
GPI General Programme Instructions
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
PCR Product Category Rules
c-PCR Complementary Product Category Rules
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CLC Co-location centre
CPC Central product classification
GHS Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals
GRI Global Reporting Initiative
Other Relevant Terms
SVHC Substances of Very High Concern
EC No. European Community Number
CAS No. Chemical Abstracts Service Number
MJ Megajoule
kg Kilogram
m³ Cubic Meter
NMVOC Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds
Sb eq. Antimony Equivalents
P eq. Phosphorus Equivalents
N eq. Nitrogen Equivalents
CFC-11 eq. Chlorofluorocarbon-11 Equivalents
CO₂ eq. Carbon Dioxide Equivalents
kg C Kilograms of Carbon
kg CO₂ eq. Kilograms of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
ND Not Declared
References
Ecoinvent (2024). Ecoinvent 3.11, available database in SimaPro Synergy. Version 1.22.0.
https://support.ecoinvent.org/ecoinvent-version-3.11.
EPD International (2025). General Programme Instructions for the International EPD® System. Version 5.0.1.
www.environdec.com.
EPD International (2025). PCR 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804:A2). Version 2.0.1.
www.environdec.com.
EPD International (2025). PCR 2019:14-c-PCR-003 Concrete and concrete elements (EN 16757). Version 1.0.0.
www.environdec.com.
Tyréns (2026). LCA-report EPD-generator 4.0.0 – Betongfabriken. Dated: 2026-04-29.
Version history
Original Version of the EPD, 2026-09-28