General information
| EPD Owner | K. STAVROU S.A. |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0035185:001 |
| EPD type | EPD of multiple products based on the average results of the product group |
| Status | Valid |
| Version date | 2026-10-27 |
| Validity date | 2031-10-26 |
| Standards conformance | ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
| An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD. | |
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1 |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
| Complementary Product Category Rules (c-PCR) | 2019:14-c-PCR-003 Concrete and concrete elements (EN 16757) 1.0.0 Version: 1.0.0 |
| c-PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System |
Verification
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
|---|---|
| Third-party verifier | Business Quality Verification P.C. |
| Accredited by | Hellenic Accreditation System ESYD |
| Accredited certification body address | Greece |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | K. STAVROU S.A. |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | Konstantinos Stavrou |
| Contact person e-mail | kstavrouae@gmail.com |
| Organisation address | Thesi Dagla 19003 Markopoulo Mesogaias Greece |
| LCA Practitioner | info@geofasma.gr, info@geofasma.gr |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
K. STAVROU S.A. is a Greek company engaged in the production and supply of ready-mix concrete. The company operates a ready-mix concrete production plant located at Choni – Dagla, Markopoulo, Attica, Greece. The company combines technical expertise, experienced personnel and quality control procedures to ensure the consistent production and supply of ready-mix concrete for construction applications. The company operates under a quality management system certified according to ELOT EN ISO 9001:2015.
Organisation images
Organisation logo
Product information
1200 Ready-mix Concrete C 12/15
| Product name | 1200 Ready-mix Concrete C 12/15 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C12/15. |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C12/15, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 31.5 mm and exposure class X0. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C12/15 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2369 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2369 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
1300 Ready-mix Concrete C16/20
| Product name | 1300 Ready-mix Concrete C16/20 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C16/20. |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C16/20, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 31.5 mm and exposure class X0. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C16/20 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2394 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2394 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
2300 Ready-mix Concrete C16/20 ΓΑΡ.
| Product name | 2300 Ready-mix Concrete C16/20 ΓΑΡ. |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C16/20 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C16/20, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 16 mm and exposure class X0. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C16/20 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2341 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2341 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
1400 Ready-mix Concrete C20/25
| Product name | 1400 Ready-mix Concrete C20/25 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C20/25 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C20/25, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 31.5 mm and exposure class XC1. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C20/25 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2362 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2362 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
2400 Ready-mix Concrete C20/25 ΓΑΡ.
| Product name | 2400 Ready-mix Concrete C20/25 ΓΑΡ. |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C20/25 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C20/25, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 16 mm and exposure class XC1. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C20/25 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2379 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2379 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
1500 Ready-mix Concrete C25/30
| Product name | 1500 Ready-mix Concrete C25/30 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C25/30 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C25/30, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 31.5 mm and exposure class XC1. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C25/30 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2385 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2385 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
2500 Ready-mix Concrete C25/30 ΓΑΡ.
| Product name | 2500 Ready-mix Concrete C25/30 ΓΑΡ. |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C25/30 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C25/30, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 16 mm and exposure class XC1. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C25/30 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2363 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2363 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
1501 Ready-mix Concrete C25/30
| Product name | 1501 Ready-mix Concrete C25/30 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C25/30 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C25/30, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 31.5 mm and exposure class XC1. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C25/30 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2385 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2385 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
1600 Ready-mix Concrete C30/37
| Product name | 1600 Ready-mix Concrete C30/37 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C30/37 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C30/37, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 31.5 mm and exposure class XC1. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C30/37 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2387 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2387 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
1602 Ready-mix Concrete C30/37 (with PENETRON ADMIX)
| Product name | 1602 Ready-mix Concrete C30/37 (with PENETRON ADMIX) |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C30/37 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C30/37, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 31.5 mm and exposure class XC1. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures, including PENETRON ADMIX. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C30/37 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2390 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2390 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
1608 Ready-mix Concrete C35/45
| Product name | 1608 Ready-mix Concrete C35/45 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Ready-mix concrete, strength class C35/45 |
| Product description | Ready-mix concrete C35/45, with slump class S3, a maximum aggregate size of 31.5 mm and exposure class XC1. The concrete is produced from cement, natural aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. |
| Technical purpose of product | Ready-mix concrete intended for construction and civil engineering applications where concrete of strength class C35/45 is required. The concrete is supplied in fresh condition for placement and subsequent hardening at the construction site. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The product is manufactured as ready-mix concrete by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures at the production plant. The fresh concrete is then delivered to the construction site. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2403 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2403 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | K. STAVROU S.A. 190 03 Markopoulo Mesogeas Greece |
| UN CPC code | 375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster |
| Geographical scope | Greece |
Product images
Content declaration
| Content declaration of multiple products | The content declaration represents the production-weighted average composition of the ready-mix concrete products manufactured by K. STAVROU S.A. during the reference year 2025. The weighted average is calculated based on the production volumes of the included concrete products. The declared product content is expressed per 1 m³ of ready-mix concrete. |
|---|---|
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
Product content
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | 302.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aggregates | 1903.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Water | 171.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Admixtures | 2.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 2381 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | Ready-mix Concrete Volume: 1 m3 |
| Conversion factor to mass | 2381 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.12 database |
| LCA Software | OpenLCA 2.6.1 |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | The characterisation method applied in the life cycle impact assessment LCIA) is the Environmental Footprint EF) method, version 3.1. |
| Technology description including background system | The product covered by this EPD is ready-mixed concrete, produced by batching and mixing cement, aggregates, water and chemical admixtures in specified proportions to achieve the required concrete performance. The manufacturing process includes the storage and handling of raw materials, batching, mixing and delivery of the fresh concrete to the construction site. Electricity and diesel are used for manufacturing and transportation activities. The background system includes the upstream production of cement, aggregates and admixtures, the supply of water, electricity generation and the transportation of raw materials to the concrete production plant. Cement and aggregate production are represented using relevant Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), while other background processes are modelled using datasets from the ecoinvent v3.12 database, as specified in the LCA model. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | The data quality assessment follows the principles of EN 15941 and considers the technological, geographical and temporal representativeness, completeness and consistency of the data used in the LCA. The assessment includes the main contributing processes to the GWP-GHG results for modules A1–A3. The LCA model uses EPD data for cement production (reference years 2024 and 2025) and aggregate production (reference year 2020), together with background datasets from ecoinvent v3.12 (reference year 2025) for transportation, electricity, admixtures and other relevant processes. The reference years stated in the table correspond to the data periods reported by the respective sources or used in the LCA model. The contribution of the listed processes to the GWP-GHG results for A1–A3 is assessed to identify the processes with the greatest influence on the overall results. The total share of primary data reported in the table is 86.32%. Data quality is evaluated in relation to the relevance and representativeness of the datasets for the product system. |
|---|
Data quality assessment
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production of cements | EPDs | EPD-IES-0004400:004 & EPD-IES-0004003:005 | 2024 & 2025 | Primary data, Secondary data | 73.02% |
| Transportation of raw materials | Database | Ecoinvent v3.12 | 2025 | Primary data | 9.83% |
| Production of aggregates | EPD | EPD-IES-0007014:001 | 2020 | Primary data, Secondary data | 2.36% |
| Generation of electricity used in manufacturing of product | Database | Ecoinvent v3.12 | 2025 | Primary data | 1.11% |
| Production of admixtures | Database | Ecoinvent v3.12 | 2025 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Other processes | Database | Ecoinvent v3.12 | 2025 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 86.32% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
Electricity data
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Residual electricity mix on the market | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 1.19% |
| Wind | 17.44% | |
| Solar | 17.56% | |
| Biomass | 1.33% | |
| Geothermal | 0.01% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 0.04% | |
| Natural gas | 44.84% | |
| Coal | 5.75% | |
| Oil | 7.37% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 4.43% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.54 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
CO2 uptake associated with carbonation and its assumptions
| Production stage (module A) | Excluded | |
| Use stage (module B) | Excluded | |
| End-of-Life stage (module C) | Excluded | |
| Beyond product life cycle (Module D) | Excluded |
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | a) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | No, there is no excluded module, or there are no excluded modules |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Greece | Greece | Greece | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Greece | Greece | Greece | Greece | Greece | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 86.32% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 23.19% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Concrete EoL |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | At the end of its service life, the concrete is assumed to be collected and transported to an authorised construction and demolition waste treatment facility. For modelling purposes, 60% of the concrete waste is allocated to recycling and 40% to final disposal. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Concrete end-of-life |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | 60% recycling and 40% final disposal of concrete waste |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | At the end of its service life, 2,381 kg of concrete per declared unit is assumed to be collected with mixed construction and demolition waste. For modelling purposes, 60% (1,428.6 kg) is sent for recycling and 40% (952.4 kg) is sent for final disposal. The assumed transport distance to the waste treatment facility is 80 km using a 16–32 metric tonne EURO 5 lorry. Demolition and waste-processing energy are modelled using the applicable default values specified in PCR 2019:14, version 2.0.1, where specific data are not available. The 60/40 allocation is a modelling assumption and is not presented as an official Greek recycling rate or a measured national average. |
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Collection process, collected separately | 0 | kg |
| Collection process, collected with mixed construction waste | 2381 | kg |
| Recovery system, for re-use | 0 | kg |
| Recovery system, for recycling | 1428,6 | kg |
| Recovery system, for energy recovery | 0 | kg |
| Disposal, for final deposition | 952,4 | kg |
| Waste transport, distance | 80 | km |
| Vehicle type | 16–32 metric tonne lorry, EURO 5 |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Recycled aggregate |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | Potential substitution of natural aggregates by recycled concrete aggregates |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | For Module D calculations, it is assumed that crushed concrete recovered at the end of the product’s service life substitutes crushed gravel. |
Additional scenario 1
| Name of the additional scenario | EOL - 100% Recycling |
|---|---|
| Description of the additional scenario | At the end of the building’s service life, the concrete is transported to a recycling facility. 100% of the concrete waste is assumed to be crushed and recycled for use as secondary aggregates. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Description of the additional scenario in module C | At the end of its service life, 2,381 kg of concrete per declared unit is assumed to be collected with mixed construction and demolition waste. For modelling purposes, 100% (2,381 kg) is sent for recycling and 0% (0 kg) is sent for final disposal. The assumed transport distance to the waste treatment facility is 80 km using a 16–32 metric tonne EURO 5 lorry. Demolition and waste-processing energy are modelled using the applicable default values specified in PCR 2019:14, version 2.0.1, where specific data are not available. |
|---|
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Collection process, collected separately | 0 | kg |
| Collection process, collected with mixed construction waste | 2381 | kg |
| Recovery system, for re-use | 0 | kg |
| Recovery system, for recycling | 2381 | kg |
| Recovery system, for energy recovery | 0 | kg |
| Disposal, for final deposition | 0 | kg |
| Waste transport, distance | 80 | km |
| Vehicle type | 16–32 metric tonne lorry, EURO 5 |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Description of the additional scenario in module D | For calculations in Module D, it is assumed that the crushed concrete is replacing crushed gravel. |
|---|
Additional scenario 2
| Name of the additional scenario | EOL - 100% Landfilling |
|---|---|
| Description of the additional scenario | At the end of the building’s service life, the concrete is transported to a waste treatment facility. 100% of the concrete waste is assumed to be sent for final disposal, with no material being recycled or recovered for use as secondary aggregates. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Description of the additional scenario in module C | At the end of its service life, 2,381 kg of concrete per declared unit is assumed to be collected with mixed construction and demolition waste and transported 80 km to a waste treatment facility using a 16–32 metric tonne EURO 5 lorry. In this alternative scenario, 100% (2,381 kg) is sent for final disposal and 0% (0 kg) is sent for recycling. Demolition, transport and final disposal processes are modelled using the applicable assumptions and default values where specific data are not available. |
|---|
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Collection process, collected separately | 0 | kg |
| Collection process, collected with mixed construction waste | 2381 | kg |
| Recovery system, for re-use | 0 | kg |
| Recovery system, for recycling | 0 | kg |
| Recovery system, for energy recovery | 0 | kg |
| Disposal, for final deposition | 2381 | kg |
| Waste transport, distance | 80 | km |
| Vehicle type | 16–32 metric tonne lorry, EURO 5 |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Description of the additional scenario in module D | For Module D calculations, no benefits from material substitution are assumed, as 100% of the concrete waste is sent for final disposal and no recycled concrete aggregate is recovered for use as a substitute for crushed gravel.. |
|---|
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | Variation2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 2.30E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 4.75E+0 | 5.52E-1 | -2.14E+1 | 36.66% |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 2.30E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 4.73E+0 | 5.52E-1 | -2.14E+1 | 36.67% |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 1.79E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.40E-4 | 7.35E-3 | 1.41E-2 | 6.01E-5 | -5.68E-3 | 19.27% |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 9.22E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.72E-4 | 1.17E-2 | 8.63E-3 | 5.58E-5 | -1.14E-2 | 42.73% |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 3.87E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.33E-7 | 8.20E-7 | 2.97E-7 | 8.49E-9 | 2.74E-9 | 20.22% |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 6.46E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.71E-2 | 1.14E-1 | 6.14E-2 | 4.93E-3 | -9.41E-2 | 34.51% |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 1.23E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.77E-4 | 2.52E-3 | 1.09E-3 | 1.77E-5 | -5.37E-3 | 21.70% |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 9.97E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.61E-2 | 3.97E-2 | 2.76E-2 | 2.31E-3 | -1.88E-2 | 21.74% |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 2.32E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.95E-1 | 4.30E-1 | 3.06E-1 | 2.53E-2 | -2.24E-1 | 31.59% |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 7.06E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.18E-1 | 1.80E-1 | 8.22E-2 | 7.58E-3 | -7.90E-2 | 30.93% |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | 8.01E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.21E-6 | 1.26E-4 | 4.52E-6 | 2.05E-7 | -1.32E-4 | 49.87% |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 1.33E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 6.17E+1 | 7.16E+0 | -2.81E+2 | 27.88% |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 1.71E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.81E-1 | 2.66E+0 | 1.00E+0 | 1.80E-2 | -2.17E+1 | 43.76% |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The maximum variation in results between the included products for modules A-C. | |||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 2.31E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 4.75E+0 | 5.52E-1 | -2.14E+1 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 7.78E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.20E-6 | 2.90E-6 | 2.40E-6 | 1.41E-7 | -1.34E-7 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 1.63E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.68E-2 | 5.85E-1 | 3.49E-2 | 3.00E-3 | -1.50E+0 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2 | CTUe | 3.91E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.14E+1 | 7.58E+1 | 1.38E+1 | 7.27E-1 | -7.23E+1 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2 | CTUh | 2.59E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.28E-10 | 5.92E-9 | 3.30E-9 | 5.30E-11 | -5.68E-9 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2 | CTUh | 1.06E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.48E-8 | 3.11E-7 | 1.13E-7 | 9.44E-10 | -1.09E-7 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2 | Dimensionless | 1.50E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.75E+0 | 3.04E+2 | 1.13E+3 | 4.96E-1 | 8.67E+2 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 3.80E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.02E-1 | 8.42E+0 | 2.91E+2 | 4.49E-2 | 2.70E+2 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 4.75E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 3.84E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.02E-1 | 8.42E+0 | 2.91E+2 | 4.49E-2 | 2.70E+2 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.32E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 6.17E+1 | 7.16E+0 | -2.81E+2 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 7.51E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 1.33E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 6.17E+1 | 7.16E+0 | -2.81E+2 |
| SM | kg | 5.31E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.37E-2 | 4.96E-1 | 4.14E-2 | 4.08E-3 | -6.57E-1 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 1.26E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.47E-3 | 1.16E-1 | 4.62E-3 | 4.14E-4 | -1.83E-1 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 2.13E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 6.33E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.73E-3 | 6.05E-2 | 6.30E-3 | 4.31E-4 | -5.18E-1 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 4.71E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.64E-1 | 3.13E+0 | 3.10E-1 | 2.33E-2 | -4.86E+0 |
| NHWD | kg | 9.41E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.81E+0 | 4.11E+1 | 6.13E+0 | 1.16E-1 | -4.00E+1 |
| RWD | kg | 6.29E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.10E-5 | 1.41E-4 | 8.16E-6 | 7.04E-7 | -3.63E-4 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 9.60E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.41E-2 | 4.57E-1 | 3.34E-2 | 3.47E-3 | -5.62E-1 |
| MER | kg | 6.59E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.37E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.22E-3 | 9.47E-2 | 8.99E-3 | 3.34E-4 | -1.70E-1 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 2.94E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.48E-3 | 1.20E-1 | 2.82E-3 | 1.59E-4 | -4.97E-2 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
| Additional scenario | EOL - 100% Recycling |
|---|---|
| Description of the scenario/method | At the end of the building’s service life, the concrete is transported to a recycling facility. 100% of the concrete waste is assumed to be crushed and recycled for use as secondary aggregates. |
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global warming potential - total | (GWP-total) | kg CO2 eq. | 2.30E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 7.92E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -3.57E+1 |
| Global warming potential - fossil fuels | (GWP-fossil) | kg CO2 eq. | 2.30E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 7.88E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -3.57E+1 |
| Global warming potential - biogenic | (GWP-biogenic) | kg CO2 eq. | 1.79E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.40E-4 | 7.35E-3 | 2.35E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -9.47E-3 |
| Global warming potential - land use and land use change | (GWP-luluc) | kg CO2 eq. | 9.22E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.72E-4 | 1.17E-2 | 1.44E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -1.90E-2 |
| Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer | (ODP) | kg CFC-11 eq. | 3.87E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.33E-7 | 8.20E-7 | 4.94E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 4.56E-9 |
| Acidification potential, accumulated exceedance | (AP) | mol H+ eq. | 6.46E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.71E-2 | 1.14E-1 | 1.02E-1 | 0.00E+0 | -1.57E-1 |
| Eutrophication potential - freshwater | (EP-freshwater) | kg P eq. | 1.23E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.77E-4 | 2.52E-3 | 1.82E-3 | 0.00E+0 | -8.95E-3 |
| Eutrophication potential - marine | (EP-marine) | kg N eq. | 9.97E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.61E-2 | 3.97E-2 | 4.60E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -3.13E-2 |
| Eutrophication potential - terrestrial | (EP-terrestrial) | mol N eq. | 2.32E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.95E-1 | 4.30E-1 | 5.10E-1 | 0.00E+0 | -3.73E-1 |
| Photochemical ozone creation potential | (POCP) | kg NMVOC eq. | 7.06E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.18E-1 | 1.80E-1 | 1.37E-1 | 0.00E+0 | -1.32E-1 |
| Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources | (ADPE) | kg Sb eq. | 8.01E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.21E-6 | 1.26E-4 | 7.53E-6 | 0.00E+0 | -2.20E-4 |
| Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources | (ADPF) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.33E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 1.03E+2 | 0.00E+0 | -4.68E+2 |
| Water (user) deprivation potential | (WDP) | m3 world eq. deprived | 1.71E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.81E-1 | 2.66E+0 | 1.67E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -3.61E+1 |
| Global warming potential | (GWP-GHG) | kg CO2 eq. | 2.31E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 7.92E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -3.57E+1 |
| Particulate matter emissions | (PM) | Disease incidence | 7.78E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.20E-6 | 2.90E-6 | 4.00E-6 | 0.00E+0 | -2.24E-7 |
| Ionizing radiation, human health | (IRP) | kBq U235 eq. | 1.63E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.68E-2 | 5.85E-1 | 5.82E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -2.51E+0 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | (ETP-fw) | CTUe | 3.91E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.14E+1 | 7.58E+1 | 2.31E+1 | 0.00E+0 | -1.21E+2 |
| Human toxicity, cancer effect | (HTP-c) | CTUh | 2.59E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.28E-10 | 5.92E-9 | 5.49E-9 | 0.00E+0 | -9.47E-9 |
| Human toxicity, non-cancer effects | (HTP-nc) | CTUh | 1.06E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.48E-8 | 3.11E-7 | 1.88E-7 | 0.00E+0 | -1.81E-7 |
| Land use related impacts/Soil quality | (SQP) | dimensionless | 1.50E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.75E+0 | 3.04E+2 | 1.89E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 1.44E+3 |
| Use of renewable primary energy as energy carrier | (PERE) | MJ, net calorific value | 3.80E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.02E-1 | 8.42E+0 | 4.84E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 4.50E+2 |
| Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials | (PERM) | MJ, net calorific value | 4.75E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Total use of renewable primary energy | (PERT) | MJ, net calorific value | 3.84E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.02E-1 | 8.42E+0 | 4.84E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 4.50E+2 |
| Use of non renewable primary energy as energy carrier | (PENRE) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.32E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 1.03E+2 | 0.00E+0 | -4.68E+2 |
| Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials | (PENRM) | MJ, net calorific value | 7.51E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Total use of non renewable primary energy resource | (PENRT) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.33E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 1.03E+2 | 0.00E+0 | -4.68E+2 |
| Use of secondary material | (SM) | kg | 5.31E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.37E-2 | 4.96E-1 | 6.90E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -1.09E+0 |
| Use of renewable secondary fuels | (RSF) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.26E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.47E-3 | 1.16E-1 | 7.70E-3 | 0.00E+0 | -3.05E-1 |
| Use of non-renewable secondary fuels | (NRSF) | MJ, net calorific value | 2.13E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Net use of fresh water | (FW) | m3 | 6.33E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.73E-3 | 6.05E-2 | 1.05E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -8.63E-1 |
| Hazardous waste disposed | (HWD) | kg | 4.71E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.64E-1 | 3.13E+0 | 5.16E-1 | 0.00E+0 | -8.09E+0 |
| Non-hazardous waste disposed | (NHWD) | kg | 9.41E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.81E+0 | 4.11E+1 | 1.02E+1 | 0.00E+0 | -6.66E+1 |
| Radioactive waste disposed | (RWD) | kg | 6.29E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.10E-5 | 1.41E-4 | 1.36E-5 | 0.00E+0 | -6.05E-4 |
| Components for re-use | (CRU) | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Materials for recycling | (MFR) | kg | 9.60E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.41E-2 | 4.57E-1 | 5.57E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -9.37E-1 |
| Materials for energy recovery | (MER) | kg | 6.59E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Exported electrical energy | (EEE) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.37E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.22E-3 | 9.47E-2 | 1.50E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -2.83E-1 |
| Exported thermal energy | (EET) | MJ, net calorific value | 2.94E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.48E-3 | 1.20E-1 | 4.69E-3 | 0.00E+0 | -8.29E-2 |
| Acronyms | The same acronyms apply as in the main scenario. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | The same disclaimers apply as in the main scenario. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
| Additional scenario | EOL - 100% Landfilling |
|---|---|
| Description of the scenario/method | At the end of the building’s service life, the concrete is transported to a waste treatment facility. 100% of the concrete waste is assumed to be sent for final disposal, with no material being recycled or recovered for use as secondary aggregates. |
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global warming potential - total | (GWP-total) | kg CO2 eq. | 2.30E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.38E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Global warming potential - fossil fuels | (GWP-fossil) | kg CO2 eq. | 2.30E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.38E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Global warming potential - biogenic | (GWP-biogenic) | kg CO2 eq. | 1.79E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.40E-4 | 7.35E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 1.50E-4 | 0.00E+0 |
| Global warming potential - land use and land use change | (GWP-luluc) | kg CO2 eq. | 9.22E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.72E-4 | 1.17E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.39E-4 | 0.00E+0 |
| Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer | (ODP) | kg CFC-11 eq. | 3.87E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.33E-7 | 8.20E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 2.12E-8 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acidification potential, accumulated exceedance | (AP) | mol H+ eq. | 6.46E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.71E-2 | 1.14E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.23E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication potential - freshwater | (EP-freshwater) | kg P eq. | 1.23E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.77E-4 | 2.52E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 4.43E-5 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication potential - marine | (EP-marine) | kg N eq. | 9.97E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.61E-2 | 3.97E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 5.78E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication potential - terrestrial | (EP-terrestrial) | mol N eq. | 2.32E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.95E-1 | 4.30E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 6.32E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Photochemical ozone creation potential | (POCP) | kg NMVOC eq. | 7.06E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.18E-1 | 1.80E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.90E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources | (ADPE) | kg Sb eq. | 8.01E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.21E-6 | 1.26E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 5.13E-7 | 0.00E+0 |
| Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources | (ADPF) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.33E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.79E+1 | 0.00E+0 |
| Water (user) deprivation potential | (WDP) | m3 world eq. deprived | 1.71E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.81E-1 | 2.66E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 4.49E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Global warming potential | (GWP-GHG) | kg CO2 eq. | 2.31E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.63E+0 | 3.63E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.38E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Particulate matter emissions | (PM) | Disease incidence | 7.78E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.20E-6 | 2.90E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 3.52E-7 | 0.00E+0 |
| Ionizing radiation, human health | (IRP) | kBq U235 eq. | 1.63E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.68E-2 | 5.85E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 7.49E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | (ETP-fw) | CTUe | 3.91E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.14E+1 | 7.58E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.82E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Human toxicity, cancer effect | (HTP-c) | CTUh | 2.59E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.28E-10 | 5.92E-9 | 0.00E+0 | 1.33E-10 | 0.00E+0 |
| Human toxicity, non-cancer effects | (HTP-nc) | CTUh | 1.06E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.48E-8 | 3.11E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 2.36E-9 | 0.00E+0 |
| Land use related impacts/Soil quality | (SQP) | dimensionless | 1.50E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.75E+0 | 3.04E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.24E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Use of renewable primary energy as energy carrier | (PERE) | MJ, net calorific value | 3.80E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.02E-1 | 8.42E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.12E-1 | 0.00E+0 |
| Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials | (PERM) | MJ, net calorific value | 4.75E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Total use of renewable primary energy | (PERT) | MJ, net calorific value | 3.84E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.02E-1 | 8.42E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.12E-1 | 0.00E+0 |
| Use of non renewable primary energy as energy carrier | (PENRE) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.32E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.79E+1 | 0.00E+0 |
| Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials | (PENRM) | MJ, net calorific value | 7.51E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Total use of non renewable primary energy resource | (PENRT) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.33E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.12E+2 | 5.12E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.79E+1 | 0.00E+0 |
| Use of secondary material | (SM) | kg | 5.31E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.37E-2 | 4.96E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.02E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Use of renewable secondary fuels | (RSF) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.26E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.47E-3 | 1.16E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.03E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Use of non-renewable secondary fuels | (NRSF) | MJ, net calorific value | 2.13E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Net use of fresh water | (FW) | m3 | 6.33E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.73E-3 | 6.05E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.08E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Hazardous waste disposed | (HWD) | kg | 4.71E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.64E-1 | 3.13E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.83E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| Non-hazardous waste disposed | (NHWD) | kg | 9.41E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.81E+0 | 4.11E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.90E-1 | 0.00E+0 |
| Radioactive waste disposed | (RWD) | kg | 6.29E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.10E-5 | 1.41E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 1.76E-6 | 0.00E+0 |
| Components for re-use | (CRU) | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Materials for recycling | (MFR) | kg | 9.60E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.41E-2 | 4.57E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 8.66E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Materials for energy recovery | (MER) | kg | 6.59E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Exported electrical energy | (EEE) | MJ, net calorific value | 1.37E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.22E-3 | 9.47E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 8.35E-4 | 0.00E+0 |
| Exported thermal energy | (EET) | MJ, net calorific value | 2.94E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.48E-3 | 1.20E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.97E-4 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | The same acronyms apply as in the main scenario. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | The same disclaimers apply as in the main scenario. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Information related to EPDs of multiple products
| Description of how the averages have been determined | The average results are determined using a production-weighted average of the ready-mix concrete products manufactured by K. STAVROU S.A. during the reference year 2025. The weighting is based on the production volume (m³) of each included concrete product. The weighted average represents the average composition and environmental performance of the product group per 1 m³ of ready-mix concrete. |
|---|
Abbreviations
Not applicable
References
General Programme Instructions of the International EPD® System. Version 5.0.1
PCR 2019:14 v.2.0.1 Construction products. EPD System
2019:14-c-PCR-003 Concrete and concrete elements (EN 16757) (1.0.0)
EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental Product Declarations -
Core rules for the product category of construction products
Residual Energy Mix 2025 from Renewable Energy Sources Operator & Guarantees of Origin DAPEEP SA
ISO 14020:2000, Environmental labels and declarations - General principles
ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework
ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and
procedures
Version history
Version 001, 2026-10-27
Original version of the EPD