EPD-IES-0027651:002
Steel products: Wire rod, Deformed wire and Deformed welded wire reinforcement manufactured by DIACO
Wire rod
Wire rod ribbed with a circular cross-section core and continuous length, featuring surface protrusions known as ribs, produced through hot rolling to ensure greater adhesion to concrete. The Wire rod ribbed offers high strength with excellent ductility and weldability. It is used in the construction sector as concrete reinforcement in structures designed for seismic resistance. The Wire rod ribbed is manufactured at the Muña plant, Colombia, and complies with the manufacturing standards NTC 2289 and ASTM A706/A706M.
Wire rod plain
Steel coils of mesh-grade quality. Cold drawing is applied to produce Deformed wire and Deformed welded wire reinforcement, with a maximum total area reduction of 30%. The Wire rod plain is manufactured at the Muña Plant, Colombia, and complies with the NTC 330 and ASTM A510 manufacturing standards.
Deformed wire
The selection of the grade of steel used as raw material depends on the diameter of the finished product and the percentage of area reduction (degree of cold work) in the drawing process, so that the mechanical properties required for the drawing are obtained. Deformed wire must be produced from smooth low carbon steel wire rod, which must meet the requirements of standard NTC 330. The Deformed wire is manufactured at the Muña Plant, Colombia.
Deformed welded wire
Deformed welded wire is manufactured in panels or rolls by the electric resistance welding process. It consists of a series of longitudinal and transverse profiles forming right angles to each other and welded at the points of intersection. Deformed welded wire is made of cold-worked steel wire ribbed for concrete reinforcement. On the surface it has projections that prevent the longitudinal movement of the wire in the concrete. The Deformed welded wire is manufactured at the Muña Plant, Colombia. It complies with the requirements of the NTC 5806 standard.
General information
| EPD Owner | DIACO |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0027651:002 |
| EPD type | EPD of multiple products based on the average results of the product group |
| Status | Valid |
| Version date | 2026-04-14 |
| Validity date | 2031-03-18 |
| Standards conformance | ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 |
| Geographical scope | Global |
| An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD. | |
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1 |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
Verification
| LCA accountability | Dulce Alejandra Zaragoza Ayala, dzaragoza@cadis.earth, DIACO |
|---|---|
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
| Third-party verifier | Rubén Carnerero Acosta Carnerero Acosta (IK Ingeniería S.L.) |
| Approved by | International EPD System |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | DIACO |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | Flor Marina Eusse Gonzalez |
| Contact person e-mail | flor.eusse@diaco.com.co |
| Organisation address | Colombia Boyacá 150520 Planta Tuta, Tunja-Paipa, Bosiga Sur, Tuta, Boyacá. |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
DIACO S.A. With operations across 17 departments, DIACO S.A. manages an integrated ecosystem of production plants, cutting and bending centers, retail outlets, scrap collection facilities, and optimized logistics ensuring nationwide coverage. Over more than six decades, DIACO has established itself as the steel manufacturer with the broadest national presence. Its practices include partnerships with recyclers, steel production through electric arc furnaces, the use of renewable energy, water optimization, carbon footprint reduction, and ISO 9001/14001 certifications. In 2023, Grupo INICIA and Atria Advisors acquired Gerdau’s shareholding, reinforcing DIACO’s strategy to accelerate investments, expand its portfolio, and strengthen its leadership in recycled steel. Guided by technical excellence and corporate responsibility, DIACO aims to keep advancing sustainable construction in Colombia.
Organisation images
Organisation logo
Product information
| Product name | Steel products: Wire rod, Deformed wire and Deformed welded wire reinforcement manufactured by DIACO |
|---|---|
| Product identification | UN CPC 412 |
| Product description | Wire rod Wire rod ribbed with a circular cross-section core and continuous length, featuring surface protrusions known as ribs, produced through hot rolling to ensure greater adhesion to concrete. The Wire rod ribbed offers high strength with excellent ductility and weldability. It is used in the construction sector as concrete reinforcement in structures designed for seismic resistance. The Wire rod ribbed is manufactured at the Muña plant, Colombia, and complies with the manufacturing standards NTC 2289 and ASTM A706/A706M. Wire rod plain Steel coils of mesh-grade quality. Cold drawing is applied to produce Deformed wire and Deformed welded wire reinforcement, with a maximum total area reduction of 30%. The Wire rod plain is manufactured at the Muña Plant, Colombia, and complies with the NTC 330 and ASTM A510 manufacturing standards. Deformed wire The selection of the grade of steel used as raw material depends on the diameter of the finished product and the percentage of area reduction (degree of cold work) in the drawing process, so that the mechanical properties required for the drawing are obtained. Deformed wire must be produced from smooth low carbon steel wire rod, which must meet the requirements of standard NTC 330. The Deformed wire is manufactured at the Muña Plant, Colombia. Deformed welded wire Deformed welded wire is manufactured in panels or rolls by the electric resistance welding process. It consists of a series of longitudinal and transverse profiles forming right angles to each other and welded at the points of intersection. Deformed welded wire is made of cold-worked steel wire ribbed for concrete reinforcement. On the surface it has projections that prevent the longitudinal movement of the wire in the concrete. The Deformed welded wire is manufactured at the Muña Plant, Colombia. It complies with the requirements of the NTC 5806 standard. |
| Technical purpose of product | DIACO produces steel reinforcement products for concrete at Muña Plant in Colombia, in accordance with national and international standards. The portfolio includes: Wire rod, Deformed wire and Deformed welded wire reinforcement, all designed to provide high strength, adhesion, and durability in reinforced concrete structures, particularly those requiring seismic resistance. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The production of Wire rod begins with the reception of billets, either from DIACO’s Tuta plant (scrap-based) or imported (from scrap or virgin steel). The billets are reheated in a Bendotti furnace at ~1200 °C and rolled through a train consisting of rough stages, twelve in-line stands, and a finishing block, where their cross-section is progressively reduced. After controlling cooling, the wire rod acquires the required mechanical properties, is hot-coiled, cooled on conveyors, and then either used as raw material for other DIACO products or strapped, weighed, labeled, and stored for sale. One of its main derivatives is Deformed wire, manufactured from plain wire rod. It is unwound and fed into the Koch rolling machine, where pre-straightening, lubrication, and gradual diameter reduction in cold rolling cassettes provides the required mechanical properties and the corrugated surface. Cooling systems ensure dimensional accuracy, after which Deformed wire is labeled, and stored for distribution. Deformed wire is subsequently used as input for Deformed welded wire reinforcement, produced from longitudinal bars unwound in the Schlatter machine and transverse bars pre-straightened and cut to length in Vitari machines. Both are automatically positioned and joined through PLC-controlled electric resistance welding, without filler material. The mesh is automatically cut to size, bundled, tied, labeled, and transported for vertical storage. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 7800 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 7800 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | DIACO Muña Plant Colombia Sibaté 252047 Autopista Sur Km 25, vía Sibaté |
| UN CPC code | 412. Products of iron or steel |
| Geographical scope | Global |
| Geographical scope description | The raw materials are produced in several continents. |
Product images
Technical characteristics and performance
Technical performance
| Product name | Designation Number (d) | Nominal Diameter Inches (") / (Diameter mm) | Nominal Mass (kg/m) | Nominal Diameter Tolerance (mm) | Ovality (mm) | Nominal area (mm2) | Spacing (E) (mm). Maximum and Minimum | Average Height (h)Minimum Number of Studs (mm and %d) | Total length, standard (m) and pop (m) | Total width, standard (m) and pop (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wire rod | 2 | 1/4" (6.35) | 0.249 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Wire rod | 3 | 3/8" (9.5) | 0.560 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Wire rod | 4 | 1/2" (12.7) | 0.994 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Wire rod | 8.5 M | 8.5mm | 0.446 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Wire rod | 9.0 M | 9.0mm | 0.500 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Wire rod plain | ND | 5.5 ‑ D < 9.53 | ND | +/- 0.40 | 0.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 4.0 | 4.0 mm | 0.099 | ND | ND | 12.6 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.16 and 4.0% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 4.5 | 4.5 mm | 0.125 | ND | ND | 15.9 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.18 and 4.0% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 5.0 | 5.0 mm | 0.154 | ND | ND | 19.6 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.20 and 4.0% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 5.5 | 5.5 mm | 0.187 | ND | ND | 23.8 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.25 and 4.5% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 6.0 | 6.0 mm | 0.222 | ND | ND | 28.3 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.27 and 4.5% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 6.5 | 6.5 mm | 0.260 | ND | ND | 33.2 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.29 and 4.5% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 7.0 | 7.0 mm | 0.302 | ND | ND | 38.5 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.31 and 4.5% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 7.5 | 7.5 mm | 0.347 | ND | ND | 44.2 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.34 and 4.5% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 8.0 | 8.0 mm | 0.395 | ND | ND | 50.3 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.36 and 4.5% | ND | ND |
| Deformed wire | D 8.5 | 8.5 mm | 0.446 | ND | ND | 56.8 | 7.24 and 4.62 | 0.38 and 4.5% | ND | ND |
| Deformed welded wire | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.00 and 3.00 | 2.35 and 2.0 |
Content declaration
| Content declaration of multiple products | This EPD covers multiple products. The content declaration corresponds to a representative average, calculated based on the production-weighted contributions of each included product. |
|---|---|
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
Product content
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scrap | 867 | 91.28 | 0 | 0 |
| Iron ore | 87.1 | |||
| Calcitic lime | 25.6 | |||
| Anthracite | 11.9 | |||
| Others | 8.4 | |||
| Total | 1000 | 91.28 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
Packaging materials
| Material name | Mass, kg | Mass-% (versus the product) | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wire | 2.39 | 0.24 | 0 |
| Labels | 0.00246 | 0.00025 | 0 |
| Total | 2.39246 | 0.24025 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | ||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | Steel products: Wire rod, Deformed wire and Deformed welded wire reinforcement manufactured by DIACO. Mass: 1000 kg |
| Conversion factor to mass | 1 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.10 database |
| LCA Software | SimaPro 9.6 |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | Global Warming Potential,GWP100 , EN 15804. Version: EF 3.1, February 2023. Acidification potential, AP, accumulated exceedence, EN 15804.Version: February 2023. Eutrophication potential (EP) Version 2.0 of the default list of indicators (valid from 2022-03-29). Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), ReCiPe, EN 15804. Version: February 2023. Ozone depletion potential (ODP), EN 15804. Version: February 2023. Abiotic depletion potential (ADP) for minerals and metals (non-fossil resources), ADP minerals & metals, EN 15804. Version: February 2023. Abiotic depletion potential (ADP) for fossil resources, ADP fossil resources, EN 15804. Version: August 2021. Water deprivation potential (WDP), (Available water remaining (AWARE) method), EN 15804. |
| Technology description including background system | The declared products are steel long products for concrete reinforcement, including wire rod, deformed wire, and deformed welded wire reinforcement, manufactured at DIACO’s Muña Plant in Colombia. The products are primarily composed of steel scrap (approximately 91% by mass), with minor inputs of iron ore and auxiliary materials used in steelmaking. Production begins with the reheating of steel billets in a furnace, followed by hot rolling to obtain wire rod. Downstream processes include cold drawing to produce deformed wire and electric resistance welding to manufacture welded wire reinforcement. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Scrap (recycled material) inputs data
| Material scrap name | Material scrap value |
|---|---|
| Scrap steel | 28.8, kg CO2 eq./tonne |
| The share of the total scrap input that was assumed to come with an environmental burden | 100% |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | Direct data obtained from DIACO is representative for 2024. According to ISO 14044, data validity verified during the collection process to provide evidence that the quality criteria required for the intended application are met. The data quality level and criteria used were based on the Product Category Rules (GPI 5.0.1, section A.5.4), the EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 standard (Annex E), and the PCR Construction Products v2.0.1, section 4.6.5.Data quality assessment was carried out using the following quality levels: very good, good, fair, poor, and very poor. |
|---|
Data quality assessment
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extraction and processing of raw materials | Collected data | EPD owner | 2024 | Primary data | 51.4% |
| Consumption and generation of electricity | Collected data | EPD owner | 2024 | Primary data | 1.19% |
| Transportation of raw materials, auxiliary materials and packaging | Collected data | EPD owner | 2024 | Primary data | 10.81% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 63.4% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
Electricity data
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Specific electricity mix as generated, or purchased from an electricity supplier, demonstrated by a contractual instrument | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 92.7% |
| Wind | 1.02% | |
| Solar | 6.28% | |
| Biomass | 0% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 0% | |
| Natural gas | 0% | |
| Coal | 0% | |
| Oil | 0% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 0% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.06 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | a) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | Yes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules |
| Justification for the omission of modules | A4, A5 and B module: Optional |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Global | Global | Colombia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Colombia | Colombia | Colombia | Colombia | Colombia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 63.4% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 1.4% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | End of life default scenario |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | In this study, the end-of-life treatment was modelled based on a scenario in which 80% of the steel is recovered and recycled, while the remaining 20% is sent to landfill. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Recycling and landfill |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | Demolition of 1 tonne of steel, 80% steel recycled and 20% landfill disposed |
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| C1) Demolition/deconstruction of steel | 1.1 | kWh |
| C2) Transport (for products/materials not to be incinerated) | 80 | km |
| C3) Loading and unloading at sorting facility | 1.8 | kWh |
| C3) Mechanical sorting | 2.2 | kWh |
| C3) Fragging of steel | 7.4 | kWh |
| C4) Compacting inert construction waste for landfills | 1.6 | kWh |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Resource recovery stage |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | Benefits from substituting virgin steel with recycled scrap, avoiding related impacts |
| Module D information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Amount of scrap content existing the system. | 80 | % |
| Amount of scrap or recycled material contained in the product beyond the system boundary | 87 | % |
Additional scenario 1
| Name of the additional scenario | End-of-life scenario: 100% recycling |
|---|---|
| Description of the additional scenario | In this alternative scenario, end-of-life treatment was modelled based on a scenario in which 100% of the steel is recovered and recycled. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Description of the additional scenario in module C | In this alternative scenario, end-of-life treatment was modelled based on a scenario in which 100% of the steel is recovered and recycled. |
|---|
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Description of the additional scenario in module D | Module D does not present an alternative scenario. |
|---|
Additional scenario 2
| Name of the additional scenario | End-of-life scenario: 100% landfill. |
|---|---|
| Description of the additional scenario | In this alternative scenario, end-of-life treatment was modelled based on a scenario in which 100% of the steel is disposed of in a landfill. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Description of the additional scenario in module C | In this scenario, end-of-life treatment was modelled based on a scenario in which 100% of the steel is disposed of in a landfill. |
|---|
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Description of the additional scenario in module D | Module D does not present an alternative scenario. |
|---|
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 7.09E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.72E-1 | 6.34E+0 | 3.19E+0 | 1.08E-1 | -9.87E+1 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 6.74E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.72E-1 | 6.34E+0 | 3.11E+0 | 1.08E-1 | -9.87E+1 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 2.06E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.60E-5 | 2.98E-4 | 4.86E-2 | 4.66E-6 | -5.99E-3 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.44E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.28E-5 | 2.04E-4 | 3.30E-2 | 3.72E-6 | -1.03E-2 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 8.24E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.85E-9 | 9.11E-8 | 4.69E-8 | 1.70E-9 | -2.16E-7 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 3.49E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.48E-3 | 2.30E-2 | 2.71E-2 | 1.01E-3 | -3.10E-1 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 3.86E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.51E-7 | 1.52E-5 | 1.79E-5 | 1.02E-7 | -3.26E-3 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 9.89E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.63E-3 | 9.36E-3 | 1.15E-2 | 4.75E-4 | -6.28E-2 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 1.04E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.79E-2 | 1.03E-1 | 1.26E-1 | 5.21E-3 | -7.33E-1 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 3.28E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.33E-3 | 3.35E-2 | 3.78E-2 | 1.55E-3 | -2.52E-1 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | 8.24E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.55E-8 | 3.71E-7 | 1.14E-7 | 4.52E-9 | -1.43E-5 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 8.70E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.90E+0 | 8.41E+1 | 4.06E+1 | 1.42E+0 | -7.91E+2 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 7.50E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.86E-3 | 7.62E-2 | 1.46E+0 | 1.12E-3 | -6.02E+0 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 7.07E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.72E-1 | 6.34E+0 | 3.18E+0 | 1.08E-1 | -9.87E+1 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 5.45E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.98E-8 | 5.39E-7 | 6.76E-7 | 2.90E-8 | -8.66E-6 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 6.74E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.38E-4 | 5.74E-3 | 3.36E-3 | 1.27E-4 | -2.11E-1 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2 | CTUe | 9.21E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.69E-1 | 5.83E+0 | 1.85E+0 | 4.93E-2 | -3.55E+3 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2 | CTUh | 2.06E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.69E-10 | 5.25E-8 | 4.28E-9 | 1.07E-10 | -2.12E-7 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2 | CTUh | 1.70E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.59E-11 | 5.40E-10 | 2.48E-10 | 7.54E-12 | -1.01E-5 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2 | Dimensionless | 6.65E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.04E-2 | 3.36E-1 | 3.36E-1 | 3.02E-3 | -1.02E+2 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 2.14E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.10E-2 | 1.37E-1 | 5.54E+1 | 1.27E+1 | -9.31E+0 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 6.36E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -5.09E+1 | -1.27E+1 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 2.21E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.10E-2 | 1.37E-1 | 4.46E+0 | 3.19E-3 | -9.31E+0 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 9.07E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.20E+0 | 8.94E+1 | 2.59E+2 | 5.54E+1 | -8.30E+2 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 2.69E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -2.15E+2 | -5.38E+1 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 9.34E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.20E+0 | 8.94E+1 | 4.33E+1 | 1.51E+0 | -8.30E+2 |
| SM | kg | 8.56E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 1.98E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.54E-4 | 3.15E-3 | 3.57E-2 | 4.47E-5 | -1.58E-1 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 4.75E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.36E-5 | 5.79E-4 | 2.49E-4 | 9.77E-6 | -1.06E-2 |
| NHWD | kg | 3.00E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.43E-4 | 3.54E-3 | 3.04E-3 | 4.16E-5 | -6.10E-1 |
| RWD | kg | 4.15E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.50E-7 | 2.97E-6 | 1.85E-6 | 7.28E-8 | -1.34E-4 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 7.61E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 8.00E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MER | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
| Additional scenario | End-of-life scenario: 100% recycling |
|---|
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.72E-1 | 6.34E+0 | 3.98E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.72E-1 | 6.34E+0 | 3.88E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.60E-5 | 2.98E-4 | 6.08E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.28E-5 | 2.04E-4 | 4.13E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.85E-9 | 9.11E-8 | 5.86E-8 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.48E-3 | 2.30E-2 | 3.39E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.51E-7 | 1.52E-5 | 2.24E-5 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.63E-3 | 9.36E-3 | 1.43E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.79E-2 | 1.03E-1 | 1.57E-1 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.33E-3 | 3.35E-2 | 4.72E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.55E-8 | 3.71E-7 | 1.42E-7 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.90E+0 | 8.41E+1 | 5.07E+1 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.86E-3 | 7.62E-2 | 1.82E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND |
| Acronyms | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
| Additional scenario | End-of-life scenario: 100% landfill. |
|---|
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.72E-1 | 6.34E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.41E-1 | ND |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.72E-1 | 6.34E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.41E-1 | ND |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.60E-5 | 2.98E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 2.33E-5 | ND |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.28E-5 | 2.04E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 1.86E-5 | ND |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.85E-9 | 9.11E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 8.51E-9 | ND |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.48E-3 | 2.30E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 5.06E-3 | ND |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.51E-7 | 1.52E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 5.11E-7 | ND |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.63E-3 | 9.36E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 2.38E-3 | ND |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.79E-2 | 1.03E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.61E-2 | ND |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.33E-3 | 3.35E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 7.75E-3 | ND |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.55E-8 | 3.71E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 2.26E-8 | ND |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.90E+0 | 8.41E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 7.12E+0 | ND |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.86E-3 | 7.62E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 5.62E-3 | ND |
| Acronyms | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Additional environmental information
DIACO is certified under ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 9001:2015.
Information related to EPDs of multiple products
| Description of how the averages have been determined | The average value was determined by considering the included products and applying a weighting based on their respective production volumes. |
|---|
Abbreviations
CADIS. Centre for Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainable Design
CO2. Carbon dioxide
EPD. Environmental Product Declaration
GPI. General Programme Instructions
GWP. Global Warming Potential
LCA. Life Cycle Assessment
PCR. Product Category Rules
References
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Huijbregts, M. A., Steinmann, Z. J., Elshout, P. M., Stam, G., Verones, F., Vieira, M. D., van Zelm, R. (2017). ReCiPe 2016 v1.1. harmonized life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level Report I: Characterization. Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
ISO 14020. (2000). Environmental Labels and Declarations — General Principles.
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ISO 14044. (2006). Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines. S.
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The International EPD System. (2025). General Programme Instructions for The International EPD System. Version 5.0.1 Published on2025-02-27.
PCR 2019:14 Construction products, version 2.0.1. (2025). Retrieved from https://www.environdec.com/.
Zaragoza, D., & Tecorralco, A., Coto A. Gabriel (2025), Life Cycle Assessment of the steel products manufactured by DIACO S.A, Wire rod, Deformed wire and Deformed welded wire reinforcement, Center for Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainable Design – CADIS.
Version history
Version 001, 2026-03-18Original version of the EPD.
Version 002, 2026-04-14Corrected editorial mistakes.