General information
| EPD Owner | Vallox Oy |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0025182:002 |
| PCR | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) 2.0.1 |
| c-PCR | 2019:14-c-PCR-018 Ventilation components (c-PCR under PCR 2019:14) Adopted from EPD Norway |
| Status | Valid |
| Publication date | 2025-10-31 |
| Valid until | 2030-10-31 |
| EN 15804 compliant | Yes |
| Geographical scope | Europe, Finland |
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | PCR 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (2.0.1) |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
| Complementary Product Category Rules (c-PCR) | PCR 2019:14-c-PCR-018 Ventilation components (c-PCR under PCR 2019:14) (Adopted from EPD Norway) Version: Adopted from EPD Norway |
| c-PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System |
Verification
| LCA accountability | aleksi.surakka@comatec.fi, aleksi.surakka@comatec.fi, Vallox Oy Veera Hursti, veera.hursti@comatec.fi, Vallox Oy |
|---|---|
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
| Third-party verifier | Viktor Hakkarainen (CHM Analytics AB) |
| Approved by | International EPD System |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.envrondec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | Vallox Oy |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | Sari Ponkala |
| Contact person e-mail | sari.ponkala@vallox.com |
| Organisation address | Finland Loimaa 32200 Myllykyläntie 9-11 |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
Vallox Oy is a Finnish company focused on designing and manufacturing ventilation products. For more than 50 years, it has been visionary in the development of indoor air technology, and today it serves customers widely across Europe. Vallox is on a mission to take care of wellbeing of people and maintaining the value of the homes with smart ventilation. High-quality and energy-efficient Vallox ventilation products enable a healthy indoor climate and are designed with today's needs in mind. Vallox products are known for their simple, elegant design, ease of use and silence. Vallox is the Home of Fresh air.
Organisation logo
Product information
Vallox CFi 149 XA12, Vallox CFi 149 XA02, and Vallox 149 CFi XE02 are not yet on the market.
Results of this EPD shall be used with care as the LCI data for these products are not yet based on 1 year of production which may result in increased uncertainty.
Vallox CFi 149 XA12
| Product name | Vallox CFi 149 XA12 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Air handling units (AHU) as referred in standards NS-EN 1886, NS-EN 13053 and EN 13141-7. Vallox ventilation unit 119 CFi composing mainly of steel, aluminium, electronics and plastics. EPD follows additional requirements for construction products considered as Electronic or Electric Equipment (EEE). |
| Product description | Vallox is a well-known company that has developed ventilation systems in Finland for 50 years. Vallox aims to develop ventilation systems that improve the quality of indoor air in homes and ultimately can promote good health. People spend up to 90% of their time indoors and breathe thousands of litres of air each day. Ventilation aims at creating healthy and cosy indoor air in the building. Healthy indoor air is crucial in terms of well-being, even though it is not as concrete as food, water or motion. It is important to pay attention to the exchange of air for the following reasons. 1. Cooking, dishwashing, washing, taking a sauna bath, washing clothes and breathing produce humidity, smokes and odours that are eliminated efficiently by ventilation. 2. Low oxygen content causes headaches and fatigue. Efficient ventilation keeps the carbon dioxide level sufficiently low and makes the residents feel better and more active. 3. Ventilation removes the emissions caused by construction and furnishing materials from indoor air. In the traditional way of building, indoor air quality was taken care of with the help of natural ventilation, based on pressure differences caused by the differences in height and temperature and by the wind. The pressure difference made stuffy air and humidity go out via the flues, whereas fresh replacement air came in as leaks through window chinks or openings built for replacement air. In homes built or renovated in the modern way to be tight, natural ventilation is no longer a sufficient way of guaranteeing good indoor air. Today's living habits lead to a high humidity load indoors as it is usual to take a shower several times a day and clothes are washed and dried indoors. As the vapour barrier and tight windows do not let fresh air in, humidity cannot escape. It is therefore necessary to deal with ventilation mechanically. Vallox ventilation units are reliable and energy efficient. They have been designed and manufactured in Finland. The selection includes suitable ventilation units for different uses, sizes and needs. Vallox ventilation units have an estimated average lifetime of 25 years. Vallox ventilation units can be configured to different market areas and client needs and thus the naming of the unit may differ. The configuration that represents environmental impacts in this LCA and the EPD is the one with the biggest impact as it has been configured with all possible additional accessories (MyVallox Touch Panel, and an aluminum Heat Recovery Cell (HRC). Other cell configuration is an enthalpy cell consisting of plastic and steel. The main components of a ventilation unit are shown in figure 1. In this LCA report the ventilation unit under inspection is MyVallox 149 CFi XA12. The MyVallox 149 CFi XA12 is a ventilation unit that has been configured with all possible components. Outside the scope of this LCA are the optional sensors for the ventilation units as they are individual products. |
| Product information from external sources | https://www.vallox.com/tuote/myvallox-149-cfi-alu/ |
| Technical purpose of product | The technical purpose of the Vallox 149 CFi is to provide controlled, energy-efficient mechanical ventilation for homes and other buildings, ensuring healthy indoor air quality |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | Production process of Vallox ventilation units include steel sheet supply, sheet cutting, sheet bending, painting, final assembly, final product testing, packaging and logistics. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 80.4 kg/piece |
| Manufacturing site | Vallox Oy Loimaa factory Finland Loimaa 32200 Myllykyläntie 9-11 |
| UN CPC code | 54632. Ventilation and air conditioning equipment installation services |
| Geographical scope | Europe, Finland |
| Geographical scope description | Production facility for the ventilation unit is Loimaa, Finland. The intended market for the products are widely used in different parts of Europe. |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 25 year(s) |
Product images
Vallox CFi 149 XA02
| Product name | Vallox CFi 149 XA02 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Air handling units (AHU) as referred in standards NS-EN 1886, NS-EN 13053 and EN 13141-7. Vallox ventilation unit 119 CFi composing mainly of steel, aluminium, electronics and plastics. EPD follows additional requirements for construction products considered as Electronic or Electric Equipment (EEE). |
| Product description | Vallox is a well-known company that has developed ventilation systems in Finland for 50 years. Vallox aims to develop ventilation systems that improve the quality of indoor air in homes and ultimately can promote good health. People spend up to 90% of their time indoors and breathe thousands of litres of air each day. Ventilation aims at creating healthy and cosy indoor air in the building. Healthy indoor air is crucial in terms of well-being, even though it is not as concrete as food, water or motion. It is important to pay attention to the exchange of air for the following reasons. 1. Cooking, dishwashing, washing, taking a sauna bath, washing clothes and breathing produce humidity, smokes and odours that are eliminated efficiently by ventilation. 2. Low oxygen content causes headaches and fatigue. Efficient ventilation keeps the carbon dioxide level sufficiently low and makes the residents feel better and more active. 3. Ventilation removes the emissions caused by construction and furnishing materials from indoor air. In the traditional way of building, indoor air quality was taken care of with the help of natural ventilation, based on pressure differences caused by the differences in height and temperature and by the wind. The pressure difference made stuffy air and humidity go out via the flues, whereas fresh replacement air came in as leaks through window chinks or openings built for replacement air. In homes built or renovated in the modern way to be tight, natural ventilation is no longer a sufficient way of guaranteeing good indoor air. Today's living habits lead to a high humidity load indoors as it is usual to take a shower several times a day and clothes are washed and dried indoors. As the vapour barrier and tight windows do not let fresh air in, humidity cannot escape. It is therefore necessary to deal with ventilation mechanically. Vallox ventilation units are reliable and energy efficient. They have been designed and manufactured in Finland. The selection includes suitable ventilation units for different uses, sizes and needs. Vallox ventilation units have an estimated average lifetime of 25 years. Vallox ventilation units can be configured to different market areas and client needs and thus the naming of the unit may differ. The configuration that represents environmental impacts in this LCA and the EPD is the one with the biggest impact as it has been configured with all possible additional accessories (MyVallox Touch Panel, and an aluminum Heat Recovery Cell (HRC). Other cell configuration is an enthalpy cell consisting of plastic and steel. The main components of a ventilation unit are shown in figure 1. In this LCA report the ventilation unit under inspection is MyVallox 149 CFi XA12. The MyVallox 149 CFi XA12 is a ventilation unit that has been configured with all possible components. Outside the scope of this LCA are the optional sensors for the ventilation units as they are individual products. |
| Product information from external sources | https://www.vallox.com/tuote/myvallox-149-cfi-alu/ |
| Technical purpose of product | The technical purpose of the Vallox 149 CFi is to provide controlled, energy-efficient mechanical ventilation for homes and other buildings, ensuring healthy indoor air quality |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | Production process of Vallox ventilation units include steel sheet supply, sheet cutting, sheet bending, painting, final assembly, final product testing, packaging and logistics. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 79.7 kg/piece |
| Manufacturing site | Vallox Oy Loimaa factory Finland Loimaa 32200 Myllykyläntie 9-11 |
| UN CPC code | 54632. Ventilation and air conditioning equipment installation services |
| Geographical scope | Europe, Finland |
| Geographical scope description | Production facility for the ventilation unit is Loimaa, Finland. The intended market for the products are widely used in different parts of Europe. |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 25 year(s) |
Product images
Vallox 149 CFi XE02
| Product name | Vallox 149 CFi XE02 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Air handling units (AHU) as referred in standards NS-EN 1886, NS-EN 13053 and EN 13141-7. Vallox ventilation unit 119 CFi composing mainly of steel, aluminium, electronics and plastics. EPD follows additional requirements for construction products considered as Electronic or Electric Equipment (EEE). |
| Product description | Vallox is a well-known company that has developed ventilation systems in Finland for 50 years. Vallox aims to develop ventilation systems that improve the quality of indoor air in homes and ultimately can promote good health. People spend up to 90% of their time indoors and breathe thousands of litres of air each day. Ventilation aims at creating healthy and cosy indoor air in the building. Healthy indoor air is crucial in terms of well-being, even though it is not as concrete as food, water or motion. It is important to pay attention to the exchange of air for the following reasons. 1. Cooking, dishwashing, washing, taking a sauna bath, washing clothes and breathing produce humidity, smokes and odours that are eliminated efficiently by ventilation. 2. Low oxygen content causes headaches and fatigue. Efficient ventilation keeps the carbon dioxide level sufficiently low and makes the residents feel better and more active. 3. Ventilation removes the emissions caused by construction and furnishing materials from indoor air. In the traditional way of building, indoor air quality was taken care of with the help of natural ventilation, based on pressure differences caused by the differences in height and temperature and by the wind. The pressure difference made stuffy air and humidity go out via the flues, whereas fresh replacement air came in as leaks through window chinks or openings built for replacement air. In homes built or renovated in the modern way to be tight, natural ventilation is no longer a sufficient way of guaranteeing good indoor air. Today's living habits lead to a high humidity load indoors as it is usual to take a shower several times a day and clothes are washed and dried indoors. As the vapour barrier and tight windows do not let fresh air in, humidity cannot escape. It is therefore necessary to deal with ventilation mechanically. Vallox ventilation units are reliable and energy efficient. They have been designed and manufactured in Finland. The selection includes suitable ventilation units for different uses, sizes and needs. Vallox ventilation units have an estimated average lifetime of 25 years. Vallox ventilation units can be configured to different market areas and client needs and thus the naming of the unit may differ. The configuration that represents environmental impacts in this LCA and the EPD is the one with the biggest impact as it has been configured with all possible additional accessories (MyVallox Touch Panel, and an aluminum Heat Recovery Cell (HRC). Other cell configuration is an enthalpy cell consisting of plastic and steel. The main components of a ventilation unit are shown in figure 1. In this LCA report the ventilation unit under inspection is MyVallox 149 CFi XA12. The MyVallox 149 CFi XA12 is a ventilation unit that has been configured with all possible components. Outside the scope of this LCA are the optional sensors for the ventilation units as they are individual products. |
| Product information from external sources | https://www.vallox.com/tuote/myvallox-149-cfi-alu/ |
| Technical purpose of product | The technical purpose of the Vallox 149 CFi is to provide controlled, energy-efficient mechanical ventilation for homes and other buildings, ensuring healthy indoor air quality |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | Production process of Vallox ventilation units include steel sheet supply, sheet cutting, sheet bending, painting, final assembly, final product testing, packaging and logistics. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 78.9 kg/piece |
| Manufacturing site | Vallox Oy Loimaa factory Finland Loimaa 32200 Myllykyläntie 9-11 |
| UN CPC code | 54632. Ventilation and air conditioning equipment installation services |
| Geographical scope | Europe, Finland |
| Geographical scope description | Production facility for the ventilation unit is Loimaa, Finland. The intended market for the products are widely used in different parts of Europe. |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 25 year(s) |
Product images
Technical characteristics and performance
c-PCR-018: Air handling units (AHU) and fans
| Product name | Element description | Weight (kg) | Airflow (m3/hr) | Annual energy consumption (kWh) | Annual Use Hours | Climate Zone used for Energy Calculation | Reference Airflow (m3/h) | Pressure drop (Pa) | SFP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vallox 149 CFi XA 12 | Ventilation unit with Controller and Aluminium Heat Recovery Cell | 80.4 | 522 | 1281 | 8760 | Southern Finland Helsinki-Vantaa (TRY 2020) | 364 | ||
| Vallox 149 CFi XA02 | Ventilation unit without controller and aluminium heat recovery cell | 79.7 | 522 | 1281 | 8760 | Southern Finland Helsinki-Vantaa (TRY 2020) | 364 | ||
| Vallox CFi XE02 | Ventilation unit without controller and enthalpy heat recovery cell | 78.9 | 522 | 1281 | 8760 | Southern Finland Helsinki-Vantaa (TRY 2020) | 364 |
Content declaration
| Content declaration of multiple products | Content declaration is representative for 149 CFi XA12. Difference in contents when compared to XA12: XA02: 0.1kg less electronics. XE02: 0.1 kg less electronics, 2.39kg less aluminium, 1.6kg more plastic No substances that appear in the REACH candidate list of SVHC (Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern) are present or used in the products concerning this EPD. |
|---|---|
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | 52.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aluminium | 10.51 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Electronics | 7.19 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Plastics | 5.42 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 2.99 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 78.20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
| Material name | Mass, kg | Mass-% (versus the product) | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardboard | 2.99 | 3.8 | 0.45 |
| Paper (manuals etc.) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.43 |
| Wooden pallet | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.47 |
| Total | 3.30 | 4.11 | 1.35 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | ||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | 1 ventilation unit maintained for 25 years Number of pieces: 1 piece(s) |
| Conversion factor to mass | 1 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Do infrastructure and capital goods contribute more than 10% to the A1-A3 (A1-A5 for services) results of any environmental impact indicator declared in the EPD? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.11 database Other database Industry data 2.0 |
| LCA Software | SimaPro SimaPro 9.6 |
| Additional information about the underlying LCA-based information | SimaPro 10.2 was used for modeling. |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | LCA follows the JRC characterization factors (E.F) version 3.1. |
| Technology description including background system | Main materials/components used for Vallox ventilation units are steel, aluminum, plastics and electronics. The main frame and doors are made from steel plates that are cut, bent etc. in Loimaa factory, other components are sub-assembled before transport to the factory. The ready product is transported to various locations across Europe. During the use of the product (RSL: 25 years) electricity is consumed and filters (2 different types) are replaced annually. After the 25 years, the unit is disposed as indicated in the EPD. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | The overall data used for the LCA is fair/good. The reference year for collected data is 2024. Most of the inventory data came from Vallox internal systems and calculations. Largest share of A1-A3 impact originates from supplier EPD data. Use phase and End-of-Life data is overall average and based on generic datasets that however represent the system on a good level. Data quality was assessed as per data quality level and criteria of the UN Environment Global Guidance on LCA database development, Product Environmental Footprint criteria and reflected upon EN 15941. |
|---|
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw material extraction | PDM, ERP and external database | Supplier EPD's, Ecoinvent 3.11, Industry data 2.0 | 2024 | Primary and Secondary Data | 73.9% |
| Transportation of raw materials | ERP and external database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2024 | Primary and Secondary Data | 0% |
| Manufacturing of product | ERP, enviromental report and external database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2024 | Primary and Secondary Data | 0.5% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 74.4% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
| Comment on the data sources and other information in the table | PDM = Product Data Management (software) ERP = Enterprise Resource Planning (software) For A2 primary data used was the supplier locations. However, the used transportation methods were not validated thus A2 data was no evaluated as primary data. |
|---|
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Specific electricity mix as generated, or purchased from an electricity supplier, demonstrated by a contractual instrument | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 0% |
| Wind | 100% | |
| Solar | 0% | |
| Biomass | 0% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 0% | |
| Natural gas | 0% | |
| Coal | 0% | |
| Oil | 0% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 0% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.03 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | c) Cradle to grave and module D (A + B + C + D). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | No, there is no excluded module, or there are no excluded modules |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Europe | Europe | Finland | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 74.4% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Ventilation unit life cycle |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | Life cycle inventory was collected for 119 CFi XA12, 19 CFi XA02 and 119 CFi XE02. The product stage (A1-A3) considers the manufacturing of raw materials, their transportation to the production facility and the stages of the product manufacturing process. The scenarios included for A4-D are currently in use and are representative for one of the most probable alternatives. |
Module A4: Transport to the building site
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A4 | Transport to customer |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A4 | As indicated in c-PCR-018 Ventilation components. |
| Description of the default scenario in module A4 | Transportation to use was calculated as a conservative scenario as indicated in c-PCR-018 Ventilation components. Transport distance used was 154 km from Loimaa factory to capital of Finland, Helsinki and 300 km as the distance to a distributor. |
| Module A4 information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Distance | 454 | km |
Module A5: Installation in the building
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation process consists of processing and disposal of packaging materials. |
| Description of the default scenario in module A5 | During the installation process, the packaging is disposed of. The scenario includes the transportation of the packaging to waste treatment. |
Module B1: Use
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module B1 | Use |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module B1 | No use emissions were considered to occur. |
| Description of the default scenario in module B1 | As no use emissions were considered to occur, B1 module has no inputs or outputs. |
Module B2: Maintenance
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module B2 | Filter maintenance |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module B2 | Filter replacement twice per year during the life cycle of the ventilation unit. |
| Description of the default scenario in module B2 | Filters are replaced by assumption twice per year during the life cycle of the ventilation unit. Filters are manufactured for use in Europe and Finland, used and disposed as municipal solid waste after use in Europe. Transports of the filters were also included and the transport scenario was similar to A4. |
| Module B2 information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Maintenance cycle | 2 | per year |
Module B3: Repair
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module B3 | Repair |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module B3 | No use emissions were considered to occur. |
| Description of the default scenario in module B3 | As no use emissions were considered to occur, B3 module has no input or outputs. |
Module B4: Replacement
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module B4 | Blower replacement |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module B4 | Blower replacement once during the life cycle of the ventilation unit. |
| Description of the default scenario in module B4 | Blower is replaced once during the life cycle of the ventilation unit. Blowers are manufactured for use in Europe and Finland, used, transported for waste processing (100 km) and disposed as municipal solid waste after use in Europe. Transports of the fan units were also included, and the transport scenario was similar to A4. |
| Module B4 information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Replacement cycle | 1 |
Module B5: Refurbishment
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module B5 | Refurbishment |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module B5 | There are no regular refurbishment processes. |
| Description of the default scenario in module B5 | As there are no regular refurbishment processes, B5 has no inputs or outputs. |
Module B6: Operational energy use
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module B6 | Operational energy use |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module B6 | Operational energy use of the ventilation unit during the life cycle. |
| Description of the default scenario in module B6 | Vallox ventilation units are connected to a 230 V / 50 Hz electrical outlet. Electric current is mostly used to control the blower fan(s) and airflow. The energy consumption thus in module B6 comes from the usage of the ventilation unit. Technical information of the product can be found from Vallox’s website. Annual electricity consumption is based on calculations complying with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1254/2014 of 11 July 2014. Working point defined in the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC), Southern Finland, Helsinki-Vantaa TRY year 2020. EN 13141-7 is applied for the calculations and Vallox MySelecta software has been used to run the calculation. Further technical specifications regarding electricity consumption can be found from Vallox website. The annual use hours are 8760h (24h/d for 365 days). As the Vallox ventilation units are used all over Europe, an average market dataset for European low voltage electricity was used (Electricity, low voltage {Europe without Switzerland} | market group for electricity, low voltage | Cut-off, S). The IPCC 2021 GWP100 factor for the used dataset was 0,0932 kg CO2 eq. / kWh. For use phase electricity usage, the annual electricity consumption of the 149 CFi was multiplied by the 25 years it is in use in average: 1281 kWh⁄a*25 a=32025 kWh |
Module B7: Operational water use
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module B7 | Operational water use |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module B7 | There are is no operational water use. |
| Description of the default scenario in module B7 | As there is no operational water use, B7 has no inputs or outputs. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | End-of-life |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | Deconstruction, transport to waste processing and waste processing. |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | C1: Deconstruction/demolition is assumed to be close to zero as the ventilation units are manually removed from the buildings. C2: Transport to waste processing was calculated with a distance assumption of 100km. C3-C4: The ventilation unit is processed for recycling. Waste processing and disposal was modeled as a conservative scenario as indicated in c-PCR-018 and the share of materials entering different waste treatment was retrieved from Eurostat databases. The ventilation unit is processes and materials are sent for recycling in C3. As ventilation unit materials are not 100% recyclable, some material flows are disposed of in module C4. Further information |
Reference service life
| Description of the default scenario in reference service life | RSL is defined by Vallox as 25 years. The statement is made by Vallox’s Quality and Development Manager Sari Ponkala. This guarantee fulfils the requirement set in the c-PCR-018 for ventilation component. |
|---|
| Reference service life information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Reference service life | 25 | year(s) |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Resource recovery stage |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | The benefits of recyclable materials. |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | The benefits of recycled metals in module C3 were considered to have a possible environmental benefit as substituted material. Packaging cardboard leaving module A5 could be seen to have potential if it would be recycled. |
| Module D information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminium recovered in Module D | 99,7 | % |
| Steel recovered in Module D | 99.6 | % |
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 5.79E+2 | 6.91E+0 | 4.65E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.02E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 3.54E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 7.83E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.47E+0 | 1.84E+1 | 7.27E-1 | -1.12E+2 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 5.53E+2 | 6.86E+0 | 4.36E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 8.96E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.41E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 6.85E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.46E+0 | 1.83E+1 | 2.84E-1 | -1.13E+2 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 2.57E+1 | 4.86E-2 | 2.88E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.22E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.13E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 9.64E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.03E-2 | 5.27E-2 | 4.43E-1 | 1.02E+0 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 9.87E-1 | 2.33E-3 | 4.73E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 7.31E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.14E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.02E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 4.95E-4 | 2.16E-3 | 1.21E-5 | -7.05E-1 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 1.75E-5 | 1.50E-7 | 6.29E-9 | 0.00E+0 | 1.53E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 5.56E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 2.00E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 3.19E-8 | 2.77E-8 | 7.05E-10 | -5.02E-7 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 2.92E+0 | 1.48E-2 | 2.20E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 3.73E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.06E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 6.15E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 3.13E-3 | 2.12E-2 | 3.48E-4 | -3.73E-1 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 1.29E-1 | 4.77E-4 | 1.13E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 2.15E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 2.61E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.03E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.01E-4 | 4.96E-4 | 5.18E-5 | -1.68E-2 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 7.65E-1 | 3.56E-3 | 1.03E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 1.02E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.96E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 9.81E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 7.55E-4 | 7.88E-3 | 1.29E-3 | -5.69E-2 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 4.98E+0 | 3.84E-2 | 1.05E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 8.96E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 4.13E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 8.68E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 8.15E-3 | 8.60E-2 | 1.52E-3 | -5.21E-1 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 1.56E+0 | 2.34E-2 | 4.21E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 4.34E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.31E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.78E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 4.97E-3 | 4.06E-2 | 4.97E-4 | -2.35E-1 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1, 2 | kg Sb eq. | 2.13E-2 | 2.36E-5 | 2.84E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 6.68E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 3.50E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 1.42E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.01E-6 | 1.16E-5 | 7.05E-8 | -2.65E-4 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 3.71E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -7.99E+2 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 2.93E+2 | 1.01E-1 | 3.00E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 4.28E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 4.32E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.36E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 2.14E-2 | 1.04E-1 | 0.00E+0 | -1.48E+2 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of the impact categories abiotic depletion of minerals and metals may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 5.53E+2 | 6.88E+0 | 4.47E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 9.36E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.12E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.07E+4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.46E+0 | 1.51E+1 | 4.60E-1 | -1.13E+2 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 2.55E-5 | 4.10E-7 | 5.23E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 4.11E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 2.19E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 2.01E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 8.69E-8 | 1.55E-7 | 5.66E-9 | -4.64E-6 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 1.38E+3 | 1.18E-1 | 1.63E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 5.30E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 7.87E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 6.81E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 2.51E-2 | 1.28E-1 | 1.07E-3 | 1.95E+3 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2, 3 | CTUe | 7.82E+3 | 1.31E+1 | 4.93E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 4.37E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.35E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 3.50E+4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 2.78E+0 | 1.19E+2 | 3.49E+0 | -9.84E+1 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2, 3 | CTUh | 4.99E-7 | 1.15E-9 | 4.06E-11 | 0.00E+0 | 2.46E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 3.89E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 2.95E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 2.44E-10 | 3.79E-8 | 1.89E-10 | -9.04E-8 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2, 3 | CTUh | 1.46E-5 | 6.14E-8 | 1.08E-9 | 0.00E+0 | 7.82E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 1.93E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 1.65E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.30E-8 | 3.02E-7 | 3.86E-9 | -2.36E-7 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2, 3 | Dimensionless | 2.64E+3 | 5.86E+1 | 6.19E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.42E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 3.88E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 4.77E+4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.24E+1 | 1.19E+1 | 4.17E-1 | -5.27E+0 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 3 | The results of the impact categories land use, human toxicity (cancer), human toxicity, noncancer and ecotoxicity (freshwater) may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 4.28E+3 | 5.06E+0 | 6.41E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 2.11E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 9.54E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 4.00E+4 | 0.00E+0 | 2.56E-1 | 1.89E+0 | 2.08E+2 | 2.84E-1 | -3.13E+1 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 1.84E+2 | 3.48E-1 | 5.36E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 3.02E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.29E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 7.38E-2 | 3.83E-1 | 2.52E-3 | -1.29E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 4.47E+3 | 5.41E+0 | 1.18E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 5.13E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.24E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 4.00E+4 | 0.00E+0 | 2.56E-1 | 1.96E+0 | 2.08E+2 | 2.86E-1 | -3.26E+1 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 2.35E+4 | 4.68E+2 | 5.79E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.85E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 4.12E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 2.56E+5 | 0.00E+0 | 4.56E+1 | 1.50E+2 | 1.45E+3 | 2.33E+1 | -1.38E+4 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 3.55E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 2.57E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -3.88E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 2.38E+4 | 4.68E+2 | 5.79E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.85E+3 | 0.00E+0 | 4.38E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 2.56E+5 | 0.00E+0 | 4.56E+1 | 1.50E+2 | 1.45E+3 | 2.33E+1 | -1.38E+4 |
| SM | kg | 5.80E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 4.78E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 3.52E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 4.30E+0 | 5.07E-3 | 1.35E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 1.74E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.32E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.26E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.07E-3 | 3.84E-3 | -2.80E-4 | 1.93E+1 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 1.41E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NHWD | kg | 3.20E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RWD | kg | 2.78E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 8.59E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 6.75E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.92E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MER | kg | 9.74E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 9.74E-2 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.47E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Additional environmental information
To make a comparison of the effects of different energy production methods, a comparison was made. The comparison was made for European, Finnish and renewable low voltage electricity production. The assessment was made for 1 kWh and can be applied as a guideline. Only GWP100 results are included in this LCA to show the effect of energy source on environmental impacts.
The difference is substantial between electricity production methods: for EU average 0,34 kg CO2 eq. / kWH, for Finnish average 0,21 kg CO2 eq. / kWh and for renewable 0,02 kg CO2 eq. / kWh. The difference between renewable energy and EU average electricity is ~94 %.
Abbreviations
LCA = Life Cycle Assessment
EPD = Environmental Product Declaration
RSL = Reference Service Life
AHU = Air Handling Unit
EEE = Electrical and electronic equipment
SFP = Specific Fan Power
ISO = International Standardization Organization
PCR = Product Category Rule
NS-EN = Norsk Standard - European Standard (Harmonised)
kWh = kilowatt-hour
GWP = Global Warming Potential
REACH = Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals
SVHC = Substance of very high concernNot applicable
References
EcoInvent database version 3.11
EN15804-A2:2019. Sustainability of construction works - Environmental Product Declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products
EPD International (2022): Product Category Rules (PCR) Construction products 2019:14, version 2.0
Eurostat. (n.d.). Waste Database. Retrieved February 20, 2025, from European Commission website: https://doi.org/10.2908/ENV_WASTRT
General Programme Instructions of the International EPD® System. Version 5.0
ISO 14025:2010 Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations Principles and procedures.
ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management. Life cycle assessment. Principles and frameworks.
ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management. Life cycle assessment. Requirements and guidelines.
PCR 2019:14-c-PCR-018 c-PCR-018 Ventilation components (c-PCR under PCR 2019:14) (Adopted from EPD Norway)
SimaPro 10.2
Worldsteel. Life cycle inventory (LCI) study 2020 data release. Available: https://worldsteel.org/wpcontent/uploads/Life-cycle-inventory-LCI-study-2020-data-release.pdf
Version history
Original version of the EPD